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It's always appropriate to give credit to the creator of any image, audio or video that you use. Often, a simple attribution statement will be sufficient, but sometimes a full citation in a formal citation style such as APA, MLA, or Chicago is preferred.
Attribution statements are commonly used in presentations, or on websites. If you are discussing the media within a paper or publication, a full citation may be needed. If you are unsure which type of credit you should use, consult with your professor.
Including images in your project is a great way to add interest and convey ideas. Images should include an attribution statement. Using sites like Creative Commons and Wikimedia Commons makes this simple since they clearly state the provenance of images included in their databases.
An attribution statement should include:
Here is an example:
Photograph: Svetla-hrob/ Luděk Kovář/ CC-BY-SA 3.0
If no author, move title of media to beginning of citation.
If no date, use (n.d.).
If no title, briefly describe subject and type of work in brackets.
If no author, move title of media to beginning of citation.
If no title, briefly describe subject without quotation marks.
1. Author A. Surname, Image Title, Date of creation, Type of image, Title of Website, URL.
2. Surname, "Shortened Image Title," Page or location (if available).
1. Ansel Adams, In Glacier National Park, 1941, Photograph, National Archives, http://www.archives.gov/research/ansel-adams/images/aae02.jpg.
2. Adams, In Glacier National Park.
If no author, move title of media to beginning of citation.
If no date, use (n.d.).
If no title, briefly describe type and subject of work in brackets.
1. Author A. Surname, Image Title, Date of creation, Type of image, Title of Website, URL.
2. Surname, "Shortened Image Title," Page or location (if available).
1. Biology Lab with Alice Goldsby, [1970-1975?], Photograph, History of UW-Green Bay, http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/UW.UWGB.
2. Biology Lab.
3. [Untitled photograph of woman in laboratory], n.d., Photograph, Louisiana Digital Library, http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.com/cdm/ref/ collection/p16313coll28/id/232.
4. [Woman in laboratory].
1. Author A. Surname, role (if applicable), "Title of Song," Other Contributors (if applicable), Format, track # on Title of Album, Label, Date, URL.
2. Surname, "Shortened Song Title," track or time (if applicable).
1. Elton John, "Someone Saved My Life Tonight," written by Bernie Taupin, Spotify, track 5 on Captain Fantastic and the Brown dirt Cowboy, Big Pig Music LImited, 1975, https://open.spotify.com/album/4UcpKa4yD9AA3iEHI8MFSF.
2. John, "Someone Saved My Life."
1. Author A. Surname, "Title of Video," Date, format, Time. URL.
2. Surname, "Shortened Video Title," Time stamp (if applicable).
1. Amanda Palmer, “Amanda Palmer: The Art of Asking,” filmed February 2013, TED video, 13:41. https://www.ted.com/talks/amanda_palmer_the_art_of_asking.
2. Palmer, "Art of Asking."
NoodleTools is a resource you can use to gather citations to sources you are using for papers and projects.
You can make annotations and enter notes about these sources. Then you can format your sources into bibliographies using citation styles such as APA, MLA, and Chicago.
Sign in with your UWGB credentials to get started.
Guide content based on the Finding and Using Media guide from the J. Edgar & Louise S. Monroe Library, Loyola University & the Copyright & Creative Commons, Free Images and Music guide from the Brisbane Grammar School Libraries.